In the video below, we uncover the fascinating history and symbolism behind the iconic “Lucky Cat” or Maneki-neko. From its mysterious origins (which may go as far back as the time of the Buddha) to its global popularity as a symbol of good fortune, discover the meaning and cultural significance of this charming figure!
The iconic Lucky Cat, or Maneki-neko can be seen perched at the entrance ways of shops, restaurants, or even homes. With its raised paw and cheeky smile, it’s more than just a decoration. It is often considered a lucky object by modern Feng Shui practitioners. But what is the real history behind this beloved figure? And how did it come to symbolize good fortune in so many cultures?
Meaning of the Name “Maneki-Neko”
Despite the fact that the Lucky Cat is often seen in Chinese or other Asian restaurants or neighborhoods, the Lucky Cat’s name, Maneki-neko, actually comes from Japan. Even though it is often referred to as the “waving cat”, it’s interesting to learn that the cat isn’t waving at all. In the Japanese language, Maneki-neko literally means “beckoning cat”. The term maneki means “to beckon”, and neko means “cat”. In Japan, the way to beckon someone to come to you is with your palm forward and fingers facing down, which is much different from Western cultures.
Differing Accounts About the Origins of the Lucky Cat
According to one of the oldest accounts, this cat originated as a merchant girl during the time of the Buddha. The girl was so charming to everyone who she encountered, that she sold lots and lots of merchandise for her parent’s business. She loved to sell things more than anything else. One day she went to the Buddha to listen to his words, and fell in love with his teachings, so she gave many gifts and food to the monk followers of the Buddha.
Becoming very pleased with her, the monks decided to bless the girl. They told her that they wish for her to have all the luck, and whatever she wants to sell, she will sell it all! Due to the power of the monks’ austerity and truthfulness, whatever they spoke became a reality, and thus their blessings came true. The girl became rich from selling many things.
Originally, the statue of this girl with her hand raised was used to attract good fortune, and this version of the symbol can still be seen today in some places. For example, she is known as “Nang Kwak” in Thailand and other parts of southeast Asia. However, over time her image eventually evolved into that of a cat making the same gesture.
Gotoku-ji Temple Story
According to another popular legend, the origin of the Lucky Cat is traced back to the Edo period, in 17th century Japan. The story goes that a poor temple priest, struggling to make ends meet, owned a cat who would sit by the entrance and wave its paw. One day, a wealthy traveler passing by saw the cat’s gesture and decided to stop for a visit.
Afterward, he donated a large sum of money to the temple. From that day forward, the temple flourished, and the cat became a symbol of good fortune. This is the legend of the Gotoku-ji Temple in Tokyo, which is said to be the birthplace of the Lucky Cat.
Ruler Saved from a Bolt of Lightning
A slight variation to this story, according to temple historians, involved the daimyo or regional ruler, named Li Naotaka. It is said that while he was out hunting, Tama, the temple’s pet cat, beckoned Naotaka into the Go Toku Ji Temple to save him from being struck by a lightning bolt.
Grateful to the cat for saving his life, the ruler made the cat a patron of the temple where it has been venerated in its very own shrine ever since. The temple today is known as the “cat temple”. It has thousands of lucky cats surrounding it, and many people visit to pray for good fortune.
Cats in General as Symbols of Good Fortune
This good fortune symbology was so prominent in Japan that it became linked to the importance of real cats during that time. In 1602, there was a decree to free and release all cats to assist with pest control. There was also a belief that taking care of a real cat would bring good fortune to the caretaker, as well as a belief that killing a cat would result in the haunting of that family for generations.
Different Versions of the Lucky Cat
There isn’t just one version of the Lucky Cat. Over time, different regions of Japan and even different cultures began to give their own twist to the image of the Maneki-neko. For example, did you know that the paw raised by the cat can symbolize different things? In some versions, the cat raises its right paw, which is thought to attract wealth and money. In other versions, the cat raises its left paw, which is said to attract customers or guests. And in some cases, you might see the cat raising both paws—this can symbolize protection or double the luck!
You’ll often find that the Lucky Cat is holding a koban coin, which was the form of currency in Japan during the Edo period. The coin’s inscription, ten million ryo and gold color, further emphasize its connection to wealth. So, the coin paired with the cat is a clear invitation for prosperity.
Popularization Outside of Japan
After World War II, Japan saw a surge in global influence, and with it, the spread of cultural icons. The Maneki-neko caught on particularly in the U.S. and across Asia. In many Chinese communities, the Lucky Cat is seen as a signal of prosperity, and it even became a part of other cultural celebrations like Lunar New Year.
With various shapes, sizes and colors, the modern Lucky Cat has become a part of fashion trends, home decor, pop culture and spirituality. Today, Lucky Cats can be found all over the world. Whether you find one in a Chinatown shop in New York, in a restaurant in London, or in a home in Paris, the Lucky Cat is a universal symbol of positivity, good fortune, and sometimes just a little bit of fun.